Surface‐modified Ag@Ru‐P25 for photocatalytic CO₂ conversion with high selectivity over CH₄ formation at the solid–gas interface

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation role each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity comprehending photocatalytic conversion CO2 reduction solar fuels. A surface-modified [email protected] with H2O2 treatment was designed in this study convert H2O vapor into highly selective CH4. Ru doping followed by Ag nanoparticles (NPs) cocatalyst deposition on P25 (TiO2) enhances visible light absorption charge separation, whereas modifies surface hydroxyl (–OH) groups promotes adsorption. High-resonance transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge structure, extended fine structure techniques were used analyze chemical composition photocatalyst, while thermogravimetric analysis, adsorption isotherm, temperature programmed desorption performed examine significance increasing activity. The optimized [email protected] excellent CO, CH4, C2H6 a ~95% selectivity where ~135 times higher than that pristine TiO2 (P25). For first time, work explored effect dramatically increases